{"id":162,"date":"2013-05-24T16:07:51","date_gmt":"2013-05-24T16:07:51","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.besthealthsciencedegree.com\/?p=162"},"modified":"2013-05-24T18:41:17","modified_gmt":"2013-05-24T18:41:17","slug":"tattoos","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.besthealthsciencedegree.com\/tattoos\/","title":{"rendered":"Tattoos: Making a Permanent Mark on the World"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><center><a href=\"http:\/\/www.besthealthsciencedegree.com\/tattoos\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-164\" alt=\"tattoos\" src=\"http:\/\/ig.besthealthsciencedegree.com\/tattoos.png\" width=\"900\" \/><\/a><\/center><\/p>\n<p><center><strong>Share this infographic on your site!<\/strong><br \/>\n\t<textarea rows=\"3\" cols=\"70\" onclick=\"this.select();\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.besthealthsciencedegree.com\/tattoos\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/ig.besthealthsciencedegree.com\/tattoos.png\" alt=\"Tattoos\" width=\"500\" \u00a0border=\"0\" \/><\/a><br \/>Source: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.besthealthsciencedegree.com\">BestHealthScienceDegree.com<\/a><\/textarea><\/center><\/p>\n<h2>Tattoos: Making a Permanent Mark on the World<\/h2>\n<p>The modern word \u201ctattoo\u201d was derived from the Tahitian word \u201ctatatau\u201d or \u201ctattau\u201d meaning to hit or strike.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Tattoos in the Ancient World<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u25cf\tThe Iceman from the Italian-Austrian border &#8211; earliest known example of tattoos<\/p>\n<p>\u25cb\tDiscovered in 1991<br \/>\n\u25cb\tIceman is carbon-dated at around 5,200 years old<br \/>\n\u25cb\tIceman\u2019s tattoos consist of dots and small crosses on his lower spine, right knee and ankle joints <\/p>\n<p>\u25a0\tThese locations correspond to areas of strain-induced degeneration<br \/>\n\u25a0\tThey may have been applied as therapy to alleviate joint pain <\/p>\n<p>\u25cf\tEgyptian tattoos date back to 2000 B.C. &#8211; considered the oldest examples before the discovery of the Iceman<\/p>\n<p>\u25cb\tEvidence suggests that Egyptian tattooing was predominantly for females<br \/>\n\u25cb\tThese females were once thought to be royal concubines <\/p>\n<p>\u25a0\tOne has been revealed as a high-priestess named Amunet <\/p>\n<p>\u25cb\tSome archaeologists believe the tattoos were meant to ward off sexually transmitted disease<br \/>\n\u25cb\tSome believe the tattoos played a more therapeutic role <\/p>\n<p>\u25a0\tA permanent amulet for pregnancy and birth <\/p>\n<p>\u25cb\tThe tattoos were usually distributed around the abdomen, on top of the thighs and breasts<\/p>\n<p>\u25a0\tAbdomen &#8211; Net-like dots were applied<\/p>\n<p>\u25cf\tthese would expand during pregnancy &#8211; amulet of safety <\/p>\n<p>\u25a0\tThighs &#8211; Small figures of the household deity, Bes <\/p>\n<p>\u25cf\tBes was the protector of women in labor<br \/>\n\u25cf\tsuggests a symbol of safeguarding during birth<\/p>\n<p>\u25a0\tThese explain tattoos as a mainly female custom <\/p>\n<p>\u25cf\tThe Scythian Pazyryk of the Altai Mountains &#8211; another ancient culture which used tattoos <\/p>\n<p>\u25cb\t1948 &#8211; a 2,400 year old frozen body of a Scythian male was discovered in Siberia <\/p>\n<p>\u25a0\tHis limbs and torso were covered in ornate tattoos of mythical animals <\/p>\n<p>\u25cb\t1993 &#8211; a Scythian woman with tattooed mythical creatures on her shoulders, wrists and thumb, was found in a tomb in Altai<br \/>\n\u25cb\t450 B.C. &#8211; Greek writer, Herodotus, stated Scythian and Thracian tattoos were a mark of nobility <\/p>\n<p>\u25cf\tAncient Britons were also thought to use tattoos as a mark of high status <\/p>\n<p>\u25cb\ttheir tattoos were often of diverse shapes of beasts<br \/>\n\u25cb\tRomans named one Briton tribe \u201cPicti\u201d &#8211; \u201cthe painted people\u201d <\/p>\n<p>\u25cf\tGreeks and Romans often used tattoos as a mark of \u201cbelonging\u201d <\/p>\n<p>\u25a0\tBelonging to religious sects<br \/>\n\u25a0\tBelonging to slave owners<br \/>\n\u25a0\tA punitive measure to mark some as criminals <\/p>\n<p>\u25cb\tRoman soldiers also adopted the practice of tattoos<br \/>\n\u25cb\tTattoo fashion spread across the Roman Empire <\/p>\n<p>\u25a0\tWith the emergence of Christianity, tattoos were looked on as disfigurement<br \/>\n\u25a0\tTattoos were banned by Emperor Constantine (A.D. 306-373)<\/p>\n<p>\u25cf\tNative Americans, such as the Cree, used extensive facial tattoos <\/p>\n<p>\u25cb\tSix mummified Inuit women from A.D. 1475 were discovered with facial tattoos<\/p>\n<p>\u25a0\tExamination revealed five of the women had been tattooed in a line<\/p>\n<p>\u25cf\tLines extended over the eyebrows, along the cheeks<br \/>\n\u25cf\tSome also had a series of lines on the chin <\/p>\n<p><strong>Tattooing Tools; Old and New<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u25cf\tTools that are thought to have been used for ancient tattooing <\/p>\n<p>\u25cb\t1450 B.C. &#8211; Small bronze instruments resembling wide, flattened needles<br \/>\n\u25cb\t3000 B.C. &#8211; a sharp point set in a wooden handle<br \/>\n\t\t\t(both above discovered by archaeologist  W.M.F. Petrie)<\/p>\n<p>\u25cf\t19th century Egypt &#8211; they also used several flattened needles<\/p>\n<p>\u25cb\tAccording to English writer Wlliam Lane (1801-1876)<br \/>\n\u25cb\tTattooing was performed with several needles tied together.  The ink was a mix of soot or oil and breast milk of a woman<\/p>\n<p>\u25cf\tToday\u2019s tattoo tool is an  electronically powered machine resembling a dental drill. It injects ink into the skin.<\/p>\n<p>\u25cf\tThe machine moves a solid needle up and down to puncture the skin<br \/>\n\tbetween 50 &#8211; 3,000 punctures per minute.<\/p>\n<p>\u25cf\tThe needle penetrates the skin by about a millimeter deep and deposits a drop of ink into the skin with each puncture <\/p>\n<p>\u25cf\tThe tattoo machine has remained relatively unchanged since the 1800\u2019s <\/p>\n<p>\u25cb\tinvented by Samuel O\u2019Reilly and based on the autographic printer <\/p>\n<p>\u25a0\tan engraving machine invented by Thomas Edison <\/p>\n<p>\u25cf\tThe ink is deposited into the second layer or skin; the dermis<br \/>\n\u25cf\tNon-sterile tattooing can lead to diseases such as Hepatitis, tuberculosis, HIV and syphilis <\/p>\n<p><strong>Drawing Lines to the Modern World:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u25cf\tToday, the country with the most tattoos is Brittain with an estimated 20 million designs <\/p>\n<p>\u25cb\t2013: David Beckham unveiled his newest tattoo in China <\/p>\n<p>\u25a0\tThe Chinese characters say, \u201cLife and death are determined by fate, rank and riches decreed by Heaven.\u201d<br \/>\n\u25a0\tBeckham reportedly has a total of 15 tattoos <\/p>\n<p>\u25cf\tMost tattooed man: Lucky Diamond Rich<\/p>\n<p>\u25cb\tLucky holds the Guinness World Record for the most tattoos<br \/>\n\u25cb\tHe has spent over 1,000 hours being tattooed by more than 100 artists<br \/>\n\u25cb\tLucky has been 100% tattooed including his eyelids and between his toes<\/p>\n<p>\u25cf\tOne of the strangest modern tattoo is the eyeball tattoo<\/p>\n<p>\u25cb\tDavid Boltjes was the first to let his prison mate stab him in the eye with this unconventional, untested tattoo method<br \/>\n\u25cb\tThe tattoos change the color of the sclera (white part of the eye) <\/p>\n<p>\u25cf\tNot just for skin: One of the newest tattoo methods is tooth tattoos<\/p>\n<p>\u25cb\tDental technician\/tattoo artist, Steve Heward founded Heward Dental Labs<br \/>\n\u25cb\tHe and his team of artists\/technicians paint minute works of art onto dental crowns<br \/>\n\u25cb\tThe price is anywhere from $75 &#8211; $200 USD <\/p>\n<p><strong>Statistics about tattoos today<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u25cf\tAmericans spend $1.65B on tattoos per year <\/p>\n<p>\u25cf\tPercentage of US adults with at least one tattoo <\/p>\n<p>\u25cb\tages 18-25: 36%<br \/>\n\u25cb\tages 26-40: 40%<\/p>\n<p>\u25cf\t45m Americans have at least one tattoo<br \/>\n\u25cf\tThere are 21,000 tattoo parlors in the US<br \/>\n\u25cf\tAverage cost of a tattoo is $45 (small) to $150\/hour (large)<br \/>\n\u25cf\t32% of Americans claim to be addicted to ink<br \/>\n\u25cf\t11% have had a tattoo removed<br \/>\n\u25cf\t43% consider personal meaning to be the most important factor<br \/>\n\u25cf\t29% say their tattoos make them feel rebellious<br \/>\n\u25cf\t31% say tattoos make them feel more sexy  <\/p>\n<p><strong>Sources: <\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/www.smithsonianmag.com\/history-archaeology\/tattoo.html?c=y&#038;page=6\">http:\/\/www.smithsonianmag.com\/history-archaeology\/tattoo.html?c=y&#038;page=6<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/health.howstuffworks.com\/skin-care\/beauty\/skin-and-lifestyle\/tattoo4.htm\">http:\/\/health.howstuffworks.com\/skin-care\/beauty\/skin-and-lifestyle\/tattoo4.htm<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/www.statisticbrain.com\/tattoo-statistics\/\">http:\/\/www.statisticbrain.com\/tattoo-statistics\/<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/www.thesun.co.uk\/sol\/homepage\/lifestyle\/4618889\/Britain-is-most-tattooed-nation-in-the-world.html\">http:\/\/www.thesun.co.uk\/sol\/homepage\/lifestyle\/4618889\/Britain-is-most-tattooed-nation-in-the-world.html<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/2013\/03\/25\/david-beckham-tattoo-china_n_2948080.html\">http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/2013\/03\/25\/david-beckham-tattoo-china_n_2948080.html<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/www.guinnessworldrecords.com\/world-records\/10000\/most-tattooed-person\">http:\/\/www.guinnessworldrecords.com\/world-records\/10000\/most-tattooed-person<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><center><a href=\"http:\/\/www.besthealthsciencedegree.com\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http:\/\/ig.besthealthsciencedegree.com\/tattoos_thumb.png\" alt=\"tattoos_thumb\" width=\"400\" height=\"400\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-163\" \/><\/a><\/center><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Share this infographic on your site! Source: BestHealthScienceDegree.com Tattoos: Making a Permanent Mark on the World The modern word \u201ctattoo\u201d was derived from the Tahitian word \u201ctatatau\u201d or \u201ctattau\u201d meaning to hit or strike. Tattoos in the Ancient World \u25cf The Iceman from the Italian-Austrian border &#8211; earliest known example of tattoos \u25cb Discovered in [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":163,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1],"tags":[34,37,23,7,33],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.besthealthsciencedegree.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/162"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.besthealthsciencedegree.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.besthealthsciencedegree.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.besthealthsciencedegree.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.besthealthsciencedegree.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=162"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"http:\/\/www.besthealthsciencedegree.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/162\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":172,"href":"http:\/\/www.besthealthsciencedegree.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/162\/revisions\/172"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.besthealthsciencedegree.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/163"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.besthealthsciencedegree.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=162"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.besthealthsciencedegree.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=162"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.besthealthsciencedegree.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=162"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}